After the arab invasion, north african culture was dominated by islam. The printed maps and the manuscripts are of many kinds and found their way to the plantations office from a gteat variety of. Geographically, these kingdoms had access to various valuable resources which they used as trade items to arab muslims. It changed the peoples views of their rulers, and in some people, even the way they viewed the world. West africa the boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the united nations. Among the great facts in the history of west afric. Th is religious map of africa is the result of the encounters, over centuries, between the indigenous religions of the continent with the arabs and the europeans. In north africa, a series of islamic movements, the almoravids and the almohads have conquered large areas, at one point even stretching into west africa.
Christianity in africa shows tremendous variety, from the ancient forms of oriental orthodox christianity in egypt, ethiopia, and eritrea to the newest africanchristian denominations of nigeria, a country that has experienced large conversion to christianity in recent times. In the following centuries, the consolidation of muslim trading networks connected by lineage trade, and sufi brotherhoods had reached a crescendo in west africa enabling muslims to wield tremendous political influence and power. Most orders in west africa emphasize the role of a spiritual guide, marabout or possessing supernatural power, regarded as an africanization of islam. Morabit scholars, attributed to morabit government in north africa, developed islam in west africa during the 12th century nequla. Show full abstract africa, and a single point in asia. The fourth text explains how parts of north africa came to be islamic. Ghana, mali, songhai the kingdom of ghana ghana was a wealthy and powerful trade state by 500 ad. H qairowan in presentday tunisia founded by uqbah bin nafi, radiallahu anhu. The histom1 ofls1am il1 africa ohio university press. One hundred years later, islam had spread throughout the region, across north africa, and into parts of europe. In this respect, the work of social anthropologists of west africa has profoundly diverged from the work of historians, who have increasingly focused on the islamic component of the past in this region. West africas first kingdom, ghana, became wealthy and powerful because it controlled the trade routes and commercial activities in its region.
Nearly onethird of the total muslim population in the world can be found in africa. Accordingly, the results of this paper reveal that while the total african population increased from 79 million in 1870, to 227 million in 1950 to 1,307 million by 2020, the percentage of muslims in africa decreased from 47% in 1870, to 44% in 1950, to 41% by 2020. Western africa the islamic revolution in the western sudan. Presented in six galleries of audio and video interviews, transcripts, photographs, maps, documents, and multimedia presentations, these resources shed muchneeded light on how muslims in west africa accept religious difference and create productive interactions among christians, muslims, and practitioners of other faiths. Bantu farmers from west africa are beginning to spread out across the continent india and south asia history 500bce the return of urban civilization to ancient india has been followed by a creative period in its history, with the great world religion of buddhism being founded. Traders bring islam to ghana between the years 639 and 708 c. Chapter 8african civilizations and the spread of islam. Later, the spread of islam across north africa in the 7th century dramatically increased transsaharan trade. Because this region corresponds to what arab writers call the maghreb the west, this article shall use both terms here with no distinction of meaning. Islam reaches west africa, and a history of the islamic empire of ghana. At first, muslim traders and merchants lived side by side with the nonmuslims of west africa. The king of abyssinia, negus, treats them well and later accepts islam, himself. Start studying chapter 8african civilizations and the spread of islam.
Feb 05, 2015 islam, the quran, and the five pillars all without a flamewar. Unlike christianity, islam is not a just a religion or a mass of doctrines or beliefs and rituals, but rather a complete way of life or civilization. As you read, think about how the events in the four texts are related to one. They were the first negro people who accepted islam.
Other aspects stayed the same, like the beliefs of the pagan people and how they lived. Suitability maps for gridconnected and offgrid solar and wind. On the other hand, in east africa, where islam came from the arabian peninsula, muslims followed the shafli school of law that prevailed in. Indeed, 24 and 26 april also saw the first internal communications from northeastern nigeria to the supreme leadership where the local commanders identified themselves as being part of the islamic state in west africa. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement. H uqbah bin nafi, radiallahu anhu, marches west and claims africa. While the presence of islam in west africa dates back to eighth century, the spread of the faith in regions that are now the modern states of senegal, gambia, guinea, burkina faso, niger, mali and nigeria, was in actuality, a gradual and complex process. By this date, a flourishing indian ocean trade has been established between the east coast of africa, india and the middle east. Mansa musa depicted holding a gold nugget from a 95 map of africa and europe. The qadariya order, named after shaikh abdul qader jeelani 10771166 of baghdad, was a major force in the spread of islam in africa, india, pakistan, central asia and southeastern europe. Islam in subsaharan africa islam entered africa within decades of its inception in the seventh century ce. A typical portrayal of the spread of islam in africa.
Discuss the roles of islam and europe in the slave trade. Islam in africa has its roots in the origins of the faith, as ethiopia was a refuge for muslims who fled arabia during the time of islam s prophet muhammad b. Islam in north africa the term north africa usually denotes the region that includes the countries of libya, tunisia, algeria, morocco, and mauritania. In north africa its spread was related to the empirebuilding process which took islam to morocco and spain in the far west and to india in the east whereas in the rest of africa its diffusion followed a different path. Guest speakers will discuss new dynamics within islam in africa, how muslim groups organize themselves, how they relate to the state, each other. Basically, islam dominates the north and east of the continent, while christianity dominates the south and west, whith other native and folk religions being scattered throughout. Western africa western africa the islamic revolution in the western sudan. We use cookies to make interactions with our website easy and meaningful, to better understand the use of our services, and to tailor advertising. Later, islam spread into west africa, the home of rich and vibrant trading. African countries with islam as the religion of the majority. In west africa, the powerful and wealthy kingdom of ghana has appeared, built on the proceeds of the lucrative transsaharan trade in salt, gold and slaves. The muslim maroons and the bucra massa in jamaica sultana afroz introduction as eight centuries of glorious muslim rule folded in andalusia spain in 1492, islam unfolded itself in the west indian islands with the andalusian muslim mariners who. Islam and west african indigenous religion west africa maybe taken as the country stretching from senegal in the west, to the cameroons in the east. Study the printable worksheet in order to learn what is on the quiz about the spread of islam in west africa.
The west africa province was one of the most important building blocks of the caliphate. Before long, they wanted to bring west africa into the islamic world. The movement for unity and jihad in west africa mujao is a splinter group of the organization of alqaida in the islamic maghreb aqim, which formally announced its existence following its abduction of three humanitarian workers from a saharan refugee camp in tindouf on 23 october 2011. The connections of west africa with the mediterranean world is a very old one, which long predates the rise of islam in the late 6 th century ce. Subsaharan africa these movements have given the islamic religion a huge boost in the west african kingdoms, and by this date their ruling classes are mostly muslim, at least nominally. Muslim states and struggles in the nile sudan and ethiopia.
Map distribution islamic faith in asia, africa and europe. West africa and sudan have various sufi orders regarded skeptically by the more doctrinally strict branches of islam in the middle east. The early journeys across the sahara were done in stages. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The bulk of the worlds muslim population more than sixinten 62% is located in asia, a region that, for the purposes of this report, includes not only east asian countries such as china but also countries as far west as turkey. The famous scholar ibn munabbah wrote as early as 738 c. Next to each of the characteristics below mark it either g for geography of i for islam. On the other hand, in east africa, where islam came from the arabian peninsula, muslims followed the shafli school of law that prevailed in arabia. The islamic state in west africa boko haram update. The first converts in mali were traders who benefited from having a religious as well as a commercial connection to their. Goods passed through chains of muslim traders, purchased, finally, by local nonmuslims at the southern most end of the route.
The muslim religion as well as christianity had a great impact on these civilizations. Map of islamic population densities throughout africa. Spread of islam in west africa all parts the religion. Egypt, algeria and morocco and one is in subsaharan africa nigeria. In the 600s a man named muhammad introduced the religion of islam to the people of southwest asia. Arabia 1914 ce world history timeline the free atlas of. Before long, they wanted to bring west africa into the islamic. The moroccan occupation of the niger bend in 1591 meant that the domination of the western sudan by mande or mandeinspired empiresghana, mali, songhaiwhich had persisted for at least five centuries, was at last ended. Islam in africa african studies oxford bibliographies. While many in the sahel converted to islam, and those in the south converted to christianity, traditional religions remained strong and still retain a powerful hold over the consciousness of west africans, even coexisting with established aspects of islam or christianity. The spread of islam in west africa ha transsaharan trade brought islam to west africa in the 8th century. Four maps that explain islam in africa american security. Pouwels ohio university press 2000 pdf the history of the islamic faith on the continent of africa spans fourteen centuries. Sidi muhammeds son sidi al bakkai introduced the qadariya order into west africa in the 15 th century.
A formerly secret map from africom shows a network of 29 u. Oct 09, 2016 pastoral north africans called berbers had long traded with west africans. Facing the challenge of the islamic state in west africa. Diversity and tolerance in the islam of west africa aodl. Diversity and tolerance in the islam of west africa this digital library contains archival and research materials that explore islamic practices in the west african countries of senegal and ghana. Several centuries before the rise of the roman empire, the greek historian herodotus c.
Spread of islam in west africa islam reached the savannah region in the 8th century c. Impact of islam on west africa islam impacted west africa in many ways. The islamic state in west africa iswa split from nigerias boko haram in 2016 and has been rapidly gaining ground with its hearts and minds strategy. They were the main core of sufism in africa and they established zavaya in different parts of africa and propagated islam there. Most muslims who reside in the continent observe sunni islam. Over time, however, islam played a growing role in west african society.
You have finished studying about two major influences on west africa geography and islam. The berbers were early converts to islam and islam spread along those preexisting trade routes between north and west africa. For the first time in a single volume, the history of islam in africa presents a detailed historic mapping of the cultural, political, geographic, and religious past of this significant presence on a continentwide scale. Rise of the islamic state in west africa iswa warfare. Islam first came to west africa as a slow and peaceful process, spread by muslim traders and scholars. Write t next to each of the following statements if it is true or f if the statement is false.
You can also explore all swac maps in different formats web, hd, pdf by key word, topic or country search on the swac online map library. The history of the islamic faith on the continent of africa spans fourteen centuries. The arabs conception of africa in the thirteenth century c. The largest, the islamic state west africa province albarnawi group, has an estimated 3,500 fighters, while cells of the islamic state in algeria and the islamic state in somalia, kenya, tanzania, and uganda, each have fewer than 25 fighters, the authors estimate. Margari hill, stanford university january 2009 available in pdf format 1. This page intentionally left blank university of alberta. Oct 07, 2017 the below depicted demographic map is a simplified view of the distribution of the islamic faith in africa, europe, central asia and east asia. Islam and art in west africa islam and tribal art in west africa. The american security project asp presents four maps that explain islam in africa, emphasizing where african muslims live and islamic law. West africa and the role of slavery us history i openstax. Because islam spread to west africa from north africa, muslims there fol lowed the maliki school of law dominant in north africa. Stahl in the beginning, historians of africa put great store by archeology.
Movement for the unity and jihad in west africa mujao. Islam and art in west africa islam and tribal art in. Unit 6 islamic and african civilizations 500 bcad 1650. The civilizations of ghana, mali, and songhai developed in western sub sahara africa.
First came an arab colonisation combined with islamic missionary. The great west african kingdoms read the text for each of the great kingdoms of west africa. Four maps that explain islam in africa american security project. Islam reached the savannah region in the 8th century c. Before the arrival of islam and christianity, every race, tribe or clan in west africa practised its own traditional religion. Chapter 3 religion in west africa 71 myth and ancestors in west african religion 71 religious ideas and the material world 82 religion and politics 86 the moral order in traditional thought 87 cosmology and causation in west african religion 88 sacri. Jun 29, 2014 map of north africa and middle east 700 ad north africa and southwest asia glogster stay safe and healthy. The data comes from the pew research center and it shows that christians make up 50. One local man told reuters that if you are a herder, driver or trader, they wont touch you just. Simplified map of africas religions brilliant maps. Africa, islam in 1987 195k and pdf format 198k africa natural vegetation 1986 260k and pdf format 234k africa population density 1979 232k and pdf format 235k africa topographic maps international map of the world. African distrust and the slave trade map 224 miles away.
G or i characteristics the niger river is a source of water, food, and transportation. It is difficult to generalize about west africa, which was linked to the rise and diffusion of islam. The berbers offered salt in exchange for west african gold. Transsaharan trade brought islam to west africa in the 8th century. During the hijarat, muslims sought refuge in ethiopias territory having crossed djibouti, somalia, as well as eritrea. Irena 2016, investment opportunities in west africa. For the first time in a single volume, the history of islam in africa presents a detailed historic mapping of the cultural, political, geographic, and. Unit 6 islamic and african civilizations mics 6th grade. These four maps, percentage of muslims per country, size of muslim population per country, schools of islamic jurisprudence, and presence of sharia law, give a compelling account islam in africa, emphasizing where african muslims live and how they understand the world. John not only cover the the west african malian empire, which is the one mansa musa ruled, but he discusses the ghana empire, and even gets over to east africa. Introduction since the early 2010s, the jihadist armed group boko haram has wielded power and influence in northeastern nigeria and parts of adjoining states in the lake chad ba. Spreading of islam without any violence in central, east.