The new class of hfo refrigerants are based on the propylene propene molecule r1270, ch 3 ch ch 2. To develop the nomenclature for common refrigerants, ashrae developed standard 34, designation and safety classification of. Number 200 indicates a standard compressor parts bm and model no. They had been used in the manufacture of aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as. Best practices for file naming menu how you organize and name your files will have a big impact on your ability to find those files later and to understand what they contain. This project was made possible with american recovery and reinvestment act of 2009 funds. It focuses on the refrigerant but takes into account the refrigeration system. This class includes refrigerants that cool by phase change typically boiling, using the refrigerant s. This classification makes it possible to designate all refrigerants used in a clear and internationally recognized. Working principle under this heading, we have the primary or common refrigerants and the secondary refrigerants. The replacement nomenclature thus, aza, oxa, and thia are prefixes for a nitrogen ring atom, an oxygen ring atom, and a sulfur ring atom, respectively. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning derya ozkan, ozden agra and ozlem cetin university of yildiz technical university, turkey corresponding email. Chemical refrigerants are assigned an r number which is determined systematically according. This refrigerant nomenclature is found in american society of heating, refrigeration, air conditioning engineers ashrae standard 34, designation and safety classification of refrigerants.
Possibilities of changeover from cfchcfc based refrigerants to hfc or hfo based third and. For others like r11 and water, a centrifugal compressor is required to handle the large volume. Wear safety boots when handling refrigerant cylinders. Natural refrigerants was developed as a joint effort between the national renewable energy laboratory nrel and cta architects engineers. The primary refrigerants are those that pass through the processes of compression, cooling or condensation, expansion and evaporation or warming up during cyclic processes. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning. Light commercial refrigeration compressors b, u, l, p, x.
Update on new refrigerants designations and safety classifications factsheet 1. Refrigerants are classified by ashrae, and their friends r numbers are assigned in accordance with certain rules. If a compressor is removed from this unit, refrigerant circuit oil will remain in the compressor. Abstract the environmental impact of refrigerants over the entire life cycle of fluid and equipment, including power consumption, is captured in the life cycle climate. Hydrocarbons as refrigerants hydrocarbons convince with their environmentfriendliness and economic feasibility. Comparison of hydrocarbon r290 and two hfc blends r404a and r410a for medium temperature refrigeration applications final interim report date publishedmarch 2004. Safe servicing of household appliances with flammable. The designation rxyz is determined by the chemical composition of the molecule, as described below. Compatible with most hcfc and hfc refrigerants and oils, in addition to subcritical co 2 self lubricating materials used for long life high linear force output the valves sporlan cds valves are available in two styles the cds2, cds4 and cds7 provide 2500 steps of resolution, while. To avoid leakage of compressor oil, refrigerant lines of the. They are therefore subject to the same legal regulations as r22.
Now that you know a little more about the history and general types of refrigerants i recommend you read part 1 if you havent already its time to get to the really interesting part, refrigerant nomenclature or naming convention. In conclusion, trends in refrigerant selection early in 2002 are as follows. However, because both r449a and r452a contain mildly flammable components r32 and r1234yf, they should not be mixed with air to check for system leaks as these mixtures can become combustible. Designation and nomenclature information june 27th, 2016 disclaimer. Refrigerant quality and its impact on refrigeration machinery. For example, the classification of halogen refrigerants derived from saturated. Blend refrigerants such as r404a, and r452a boil and condense at varying temperatures for a given pressure. Reclaimed refrigerant certification program includes purity specifications for. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. Update maintenance documents every time the system is serviced, to record. High efficiency ranges the high efficiency models reduce energy consumption of commercial refrigeration appliances between 10% and 30% with respect to. Refrigerants a refrigerant is a substance or a heat carrying medium which during a refrigerant cycle absorbs heat from a low temperature system and discades the heat absorbed to high temperature system, its a medium of heat transfer through. The study includes five refrigerant technology combinations for supermarket. This document provides a reference list of existing literature on testing of lowgwp refrigerants.
Welcome to the manual for refrigeration servicing technicians. The unsaturated carbon bond gives rise to the term olefin. They had been used in the manufacture of aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and. The range over which the temperature varies is referred to as temperature glide. In replacement nomenclature, the heterocycles name is composed of the carbocycles name and a prefix that denotes the heteroatom. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure. Refrigerants may be divided into three classes according to their manner of absorption or extraction of heat from the substances to be refrigerated. Jan 10, 2017 therefore, i present our first two part series, refrigerant history and nomenclature. Policylegislation on fgases and alternatives two environmental frameworks one goal the montreal protocol and the kyoto protocol.
Selection of refrigerants on a perapplication basis. The tables contained on this page list approved refrigerant numbers from standard 34, which describes a shorthand way of naming refrigerants and assigns. Many accounts will trace refrigerants all the way back to the mid1700s when scientists were doing early experiments with evaporation and noticing that the temperature would drop significantly. A developed society cannot function without refrigeration. Some remarks on the nomenclature of refrigerants sciencedirect. Class 1 refrigerants used in the standard compression type cooling system. New, natural and alternative refrigerants by dr s f pearson of star refrigeration limited introduction it is an honour to be invited to present this paper despite the rather daunting title. The following dates and events illustrate the development of the industry and the variety. Addendum c to ansiashrae standard 342001 3 a the molecular mass and normal boiling point are not part of this standard. Refrigerant history and nomenclature part 2 forward engineers.
Refrigerant history and nomenclature part 1 forward engineers. Refrigerant history and nomenclature part 1 forward. Natural refrigerants sustainable ozone and climatefriendly alternatives to hcfcs introduction dr. Number 800 indicates a standard replacement compressor and component parts bm and model no. Number 201 and larger will be assigned for all other variations of a given model. Therefore, i present our first two part series, refrigerant history and nomenclature.
It is an ebook for people who are involved in training and. The facts on hydrocarbon refrigerants hydrocarbons are natural, non toxic, non ozone depleting replacements for cfc refrigerants, importation and production of which were banned from december 31st 1995. Consult individual engineering guides for detailed information. Naming and indexing of chemical substances for chemical.
To avoid leakage of compressor oil, refrigerant lines of the compressor must be sealed after it is removed. Jan 17, 2017 now that you know a little more about the history and general types of refrigerants i recommend you read part 1 if you havent already its time to get to the really interesting part, refrigerant nomenclature or naming convention. Working fluids in refrigeration cycles undergoes phase transition in cycles mostly before going to subject topic first of all we divide all refrigerants in following categories. By steve kujak, member ashrae flammability and new refrigerant ptions increasing concerns about the impact of refrigerants on the environment and on. Ansiashrae standard 3420, designation and safety classification of. Zeotropic mixtures are given an identification number in the 400 series. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information wikidata item cite this page. The tables contained on this page list approved refrigerant numbers from ansiashrae 342019, designation and safety classification of refrigerants, the latest edition of standard 34, which describes a shorthand way of naming refrigerants and assigns safety classifications based on toxicity and flammability data. New, natural and alternative refrigerants by dr s f pearson of star refrigeration limited introduction it is an honour to be invited to. Various ways of substituting the atom or group on the carbons can exist and this is denoted by two lowercase letters see figure 3.
Manual for refrigeration servicing introduction technicians. Service refrigerants contain hcfc as blend component. Bubble and dew point for blend refrigerants such as r404a, and r452a use the dew vapor pressure to calculate superheat. A team was formed as part of the lowgwp alternative refrigerants evaluation program lowgwp arep to select and compile existing works of good quality that provide performance test information on natural refrigerants and lowgwp fluorinated refrigerants with comparison to the performance of an hcfc or hfc refrigerant as a baseline. I agree with that 35 is not a useable code for standard refrigerants. It is provided in case anyone is interested o chlorofluorocarbons cfcs are nontoxic, nonflammable chemicals containing atoms of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon.
The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property charge. Sporlan thermostatic expansion valves for use on refrigeration andor air conditioning systems only bulletin 1010, april 2011 supersedes bulletin 1010, october 2009 and all prior publications. The earliest mechanical refrigeration used air as a working fluid. The reclaimed refrigerant and refrigerant testing laboratory certification. This section presents data for the thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants, arranged for the occasional users. One way of reducing the amount of these refrigerants and the risk of leakage is to chill a secondary refrigerant, such as glycol or brine, in a centralized plant room and circulate this rather than the primary refrigerant. Sporlan thermostatic expansion valves for use on refrigeration andor air conditioning systems only bulletin 1010, april 2011 supersedes. Chilukuri maheshwar 12611 cooling india il novemberjanuary 08. Each of these items has the potential, if misused or handled improperly, to cause bodily injury or death.
Environmental safety issues have led to calls for the careful investigation of currently used refrigerants hfcs and potentially applicable hc refrigerants r290. This class includes refrigerants that cool by phase change typically boiling, using the refrigerant s latent heat. The extent of segregation depends on the particular azeotrope and hardware. To avoid equipment damage, do not use these units as a source of heating. According to an international agreement, refrigerants are represented by the letter r as in refrigerants followed by a two or threedigit number and, in some cases, one or two letters. For example, classification of refrigerants derivatives of hydrocarbons, saturated and consisting of one substance only shown in the example below. This checklist has been prepared by sspc 34 to assist applicant preparation of a new refrigerant application in accordance with the requirements of ansiashrae standard 3420, designation and safety classification of refrigerants.
Refrigerants properties pdf product data summary and thermodynamic tables. Pdf seminar is focused on the fundamentals of vapor compression refrigeration. History modern refrigeration methods, as distinguished from the use of ice and snow, go back to the early part of the 19th century. For other refrigerants such as ammonia and propane, please contact the factory for custom models. By the association of home appliance manufacturers the.
Refrigerants can be broadly classified based on the following. Tecumsehs reciprocating compressors are the market standard, wellknown for their reliability. Thursday, september 24, 1992 regarding refrigerant numbering. This refrigerant nomenclature is found in american society of heating, refrigeration, air. Refrigerant history and nomenclature part 2 forward. Refrigerants a refrigerant is a substance or a heat carrying medium which during a refrigerant cycle. Refrigerants alcoils microchannel condensers are manufactured as 650psig or 450psig models can be us ed with r410a 650psig model, r407c, r4a, r404a, r508b, and number out other refrigerants. You should be consistent and descriptive in naming and organizing files so that it is obvious where to find specific data and what the files contain. Classification can be divided into class 1, class 2, class 3. Many accounts will trace refrigerants all the way back to the mid1700s when scientists were doing early experiments with evaporation and noticing that. Volkmar hasse, gtz proklima, germany preface volkmar hasse, gtz proklima i. The refrigerants are expensive and have negative environmental impacts when released to the atmosphere. The engineering nomenclature of refrigerants, as defined by ashrae socalled r names, and iupac nomenclature are compared.
Model nomenclature 3 general information 4 unit physical data 6 horizontal installation 7 field conversion of air discharge 9. R4a is the main refrigerant used either pure in applications such as domestic refrigeration, mobile air conditioning, highcapacity water chillers, selfcontained display cabinets, etc. Refrigerants are classified according to their way of absorption or extraction of heat from substances stored in the refrigerator. Deiters institute of physical chemistry, university at cologne, d50939 cologne, germany received 18 november 1996. The coefficient of performance or cop has a direct bearing on the running cost of the refrigeration system. Designation and safety classification of refrigerants. Linde strongly advocates the use of refrigerant gases with zero ozone depletion potential and fully supports the phase out of hcfcs. Hydrocarbon refrigerants are natural replacements for cfc, hfc and hcfc refrigerant gases, and are. It is the obligation and responsibility of rigging, installation, and operatingservice personnel to identify and. To avoid equipment damage, do not use these units as a source of heating or cooling during the construction process. Although the account which follows describes in considerable detail the selection of substance names for chemical abstracts ca indexes, it is not a nomenclature manual.